Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Drone dalam Mengevaluasi Cadangan Karbon pada Beberapa Tingkat Umur Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51574/jip.v4i1.228Keywords:
Aplikasi Drone, Cadangan Karbon, Kelapa SawitAbstract
Pembukaan perkebunan kelapa sawit pada skala yang besar akan mempengaruhi cadangan karbon yang tersimpan di lingkungan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang masih dalam kondisi alami. Pertumbuhan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang terus berkembang dan meluas menimbulkan potensi masalah global sebagai salah satu penyebab terjadinya perubahan iklim karena peningkatan emisi CO2 di atmosfer yang menghasilkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Mengestimasi sebaran cadangan karbon dan serapan CO2 di perkebunan kelapa sawit;
(2) Penggunaan drone di perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang sebaran cadangan karbon dan serapan CO2; dan (3) Menjelaskan bagaimana keberadaan perkebunan kelapa sawit berkontribusi pada pengurangan tingkat CO2 di lingkungan.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari Divisi Baras II Kabupaten Pasangkayu, Sulawesi Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu : (1) Pengumpulan data sebaran kelapa sawit dengan menggunakan teknologi drone. (2) Pengumpulan data lapangan pada kelapa sawit dan tumbuhan di atas permukan tanah dan melakukan analisis laboratorium. Metode non destruktif dengan persamaan alometrik digunakan untuk menghitung biomasa kelapa sawit dan tumbuhan di atas permukaan tanah.
Perhitungan kandungan karbon yang tersimpan dan potensi serapan CO2¬-eq selain dilakukan berdasarkan umur tanaman kelapa sawit juga dihitung berdasarkan luas blok tahun tanam (umur tanaman kelapa sawit) untuk mengetahui sebaran cadangan karbon yang tersimpan dan serapan CO2-eq secara keseluruhan. Kandungan karbon yang tersimpan terbesar pada umur tanaman 15 tahun (tahun tanam 2005) sebesar 60.002,5 ton dan potensi serapan CO2-eq sebesar 220.009 ton. Kandungan karbon terkecil pada kelapa sawit yang berumur 3 tahun (tahun tanam 2017) dengan cadangan karbon yang tersimpan sebesar 8.428,8 ton dan serapan CO2-eq sebesar 30.919,7 ton.
Sebaran cadangan karbon dan potensi serapan CO2-eq dalam menunjang produktivitas kelapa sawit dan menentukan besarnya kapasitas oksigen yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman, pola tanam, jarak tanam serta luas areal tanam. Kondisi tersebut membuat kelapa sawit memberikan potensi yang besar bagi lingkungan dalam mengurangi emisi CO2 yang menyebabkan Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK).
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